Did you power down the electrical system to do the repairs? If not, it's possible you got a phantom fault that needs to be cleared. Providing the ignitor cylinder is installed correctly. Where did you get a new cylinder? GM? I was under the impression that new ignition cylinders were becoming a thing of the past and can only be rebuilt by OEM to prevent theft. I don't know exactly what year that started, just that I have learned of that through people in the biz.
You could try the following:
1) disconnect the battery negative first, then positive. Once both cables are isolated from power and there is no power going to the truck, hold them together for about 10 seconds. Then, reconnect positive first, negative last. Key out of ignition. The purpose of this is to drain the capacitors of all the modules after 12v is removed. This is a sort of hard reset you can do and see if the BCM will acknowledge the key.
2) if you have a new cylinder, make sure the key that came with it is what you are using. The truck does know what key is being used and will lock you out if it doesn't recognize it. You can either put the key in and leave it in accessory mode for 30 min and see if the BCM accepts it. There is a power on/off cycle to train the computers, but I forget exactly what it is. Something like key on for 30 sec, off for 30 sec, on again for 30 min, then off, then attempt to start. I had to do something similar to that when I got a new PCM for my 05 duramax so the PCM and BCM would talk to each other. It's a factory imposed theft block. I'd Google PCM/BCM replacement for key learning.
Sorry for the long explanation, hope it helps