Cats can get clogged and that may only show at certain times depending on the damage inside. A back pressure test is a good way or temp measurement from front to back after hot and temp difference side to side. Clogged exhaust can also give you a loss of power and bad vacuum readings.
This says it better than I can explain:
After the vacuum gauge is connected to a vacuum source, readings are noted at idle and then again at 2,500RPM. As engine speeds vary, readings should initially drop slightly, then rise to within 2-3" of the vacuum level established at idle. A large drop of 8-10" of vacuum typically indicates an exhaust restriction.
This says it better than I can explain:
After the vacuum gauge is connected to a vacuum source, readings are noted at idle and then again at 2,500RPM. As engine speeds vary, readings should initially drop slightly, then rise to within 2-3" of the vacuum level established at idle. A large drop of 8-10" of vacuum typically indicates an exhaust restriction.