Catch can. It's basically a filter to catch the oil vapors traveling through the PCV system. The oily vapor collects and puddles in the back of the intake manifold and drips into the rearmost combustion chambers. The oil gets burned and cokes up the combustion chambers, sticks piston rings, etc. Pretty much every LS series engine needs a catch can.
It's actually kinda difficult to get coolant where it shouldn't be. Even still, you'd be changing the oil and replacing the coolant after the job so anything that may cross-contaminate will be drained out. The LS engine has a "dry" intake manifold, so there's no coolant mess when you remove it like the older engines. When you pop the heads off, a little coolant will run out of them and into the cylinders. But, it's nothing that can't be soaked up with some shop rags or paper towels. If I'm not pulling the engine, I drain it as much as possible with the lower rad hose removed. Then I jack up the rear of the truck (jack under diff) as high as my jack will go to pour more coolant out through the water pump. Then, with the truck back on the ground, barely any more coolant will run out when I remove the water pump. I use my shop vac over each coolant port to get even more out. After that, it's almost impossible to splash any more coolant out when working on it. I do this with a standard water pump replacement just to minimize the mess. Coolant is very slippery on a shop floor.
LS6 valve springs and a custom tune are the most pertinent and required. But, shaved heads, thinner head gaskets, custom-length push rods, looser stall converter and headers are the extras that aren't totally required but increase power overall, including making up for any lower-end losses the cam may bring. A cam is good and all, but it disrupts a system whose components were all engineered to work together for efficiency and reliability. Changing only the cam yields gains, but the system as a whole is no longer optimal and you end up with sacrifices. The disruption and sacrifices are relatively minimal, especially with "only" a Stage 2, but still less optimal nonetheless.
You have to decide before you tear into it what you ultimately want and are able to do due to time and/or budget and/or service/parts constraints. Getting a cam as close to the stock specs as possible will save a lot of money since you won't need a custom tune. You could just get AFM disabled in the tune for $50 and the rest will just be the mechanical work. Or, you could submit to the slippery slope of WIHIMAW and warm up that credit card. Again, it's best to determine BEFORE you dive in cuz switching up mid-game often costs more money but definitely more time.