I thought I would post my resolution in case anyone else runs into a similar issue.
I gave up troubleshooting, took the car to a local shop that has an employee who is an expert in vehicle electrical systems. The individual wire was diagnosed as having a break somewhere in the harness. I was told it was near impossible to trace back through the harness as it runs through many parts of the frame, the body, and other components between the fuse box and the tail light. Replacing the entire wiring harness would require separating the body and the frame, and would be very expensive and could run into other problems. While it was possible to tie the broken wire into another wire, I was told the best option would be to run a brand new wire from the fuse box back to the taillight harness, and spice it in, essentially replacing the one wire that was broken and keeping everything standard otherwise. This is what I did. It was about $400 total for the repair.