The issues here are definitely thermostat related. I had this precise issue with my 2015 Suburban. Replaced the coolant temperature sensor twice, problem would clear up a couple days each time before returning again.
Finally replaced the coolant temperature sensor AND the thermostat with GM genuine parts and problem totally solved. My theory is that the thermostat (both on 5.3 and 6.2 applications) becomes faulty and stays partially opened at all times, not allowing the coolant to reach full operating temps of 210. This seems to be an intermittent issue when the weather is very warm outside, but when ambient temps are below 50 degrees, there's no chance that a faulty thermostat thats partially stuck open will get you to 210. When the engine runs for an extended period and cannot get to 210, it will eventually go to "fail safe" mode, engaging the cooling fans non-stop including a few minutes after shut-off, not allowing the AC compressor to engage, coolant temp gauge will drop to zero, and if you run it long enough like this, you'll also get a CEL for a "coolant temp below threshold".
I have seen posts on this forum where people immediately start talking about wiring harnesses, ECM replacements, etc. So so costly repairs that do not solve the issue, but there's such little information out there with definitive results, which has made this issue so elusive to many. What should be a ~$100 repair, ends up being several hundred or thousands while the faulty thermostat was truly the root cause of it all.
Hope this helps!!