The real tangible benefit recirculate has is to remove humidity from the air. Humidity offsets the effectiveness of sweating/cooling down. This has a huge benefit when you have a car full of sweaty people.
If it's 95* outside and 80% humidity, on regular AC that humidity gets pulled into the car with a little removed by the condenser as it's cooled. On recirculate, the same air in the car is recycled numerous times, removing a little more humidity each time until it gets very dry to where you need to blink your eyes more often (but you'll feel cooler due to your own sweat evaporating much faster in the drier air).
But, in terms of mpg, there is no real effect on regular vs recirculate. The discharge pressures from the AC compressor will not change enough to make a large difference in the power required to turn it.
If it's 95* outside and 80% humidity, on regular AC that humidity gets pulled into the car with a little removed by the condenser as it's cooled. On recirculate, the same air in the car is recycled numerous times, removing a little more humidity each time until it gets very dry to where you need to blink your eyes more often (but you'll feel cooler due to your own sweat evaporating much faster in the drier air).
But, in terms of mpg, there is no real effect on regular vs recirculate. The discharge pressures from the AC compressor will not change enough to make a large difference in the power required to turn it.