Doube has the right idea, check the basics. If fuel pressure is good, and you have no trouble codes
(Don’t tell me you don’t have a code reader, they’re $15 on amazon)....and your down for some wild internet guesses (well, you’re here)
I would unplug the MAF sensor, drive it around for a couple days...yea the check engine light will be on, but if it doesn’t surge/stall, you’re heading in the right direction.
My two cents on MAF sensors:
Sometimes they outright fail. The ECU can tell, disregards clearly false data the MAF is sending, and triggers the check engine light on.
SOMETIMES a MAF sensor will ‘fail-in-range’
The MAF sensor isn’t sending accurate data to the ECU, but the data isnt off enough to trigger a trouble code. But you’re left with intermittent, tough to diagnose drivability symptoms.
People crap on VVT, it doesn’t cause ALL the problems it gets blamed for.
Just my opinion. A total stranger