The length is the critical measurement. Resonant frequency of 100mhz is 2.34 feet for a quarter wave but being trapped near a car body hampers that anyway.
That's right, in general, antennas should be multiples of quarter-wavelength. Car manufacturers use one quarter wavelength because it's a manageable size. I was going for full wavelength to collect more signal since, as dubyagee says, it is shadowed by the vehicle's body when you put it that close. I get great reception if the tower is within 90° of straight ahead, but the signal drops off some if it's behind me.
I noticed that someone asked about using the roof rack as an antenna. It's an interesting concept that I've actually thought about as well. I think if you ran a coax to the aluminum crossbar it might work pretty well. The crossbar is not shadowed so much by the body, except from below, and it's electrically isolated since the locking pieces on the ends are plastic. And it is about one half wavelength. I've been meaning to test the idea for some time, just hadn't gotten around to doing it.