Drone is just an exhaust sound, which is a resonance. Drone is the term given to that sound which we find offensive since it's so prevalent instead of smoothly blending in with the rest of the exhaust notes. It's a particular sound wave (frequency) that resonates in just a way that it pierces the cabin floor and maybe even vibrates other pieces, adding to the offensiveness. The Helmholtz chamber(s) very effectively cancel out those offending sound frequencies since they target them. So, if you had a bunch of them to attack a range of frequencies, then, yes, you could very effectively muffle your exhaust volume. You could fine-tune it to cancel out all the lows and pass the highs and make it sound like a weedeater or cancel the highs and make it have a deep rumble. Your average chambered muffler (stock or aftermarket) has a bit of a Helmholtz effect by design. They typically break up the sound waves while reflecting them. A packed muffler is designed more to absorb all the sound waves to attenuate them rather than to reflect them onto themselves to cancel them. A lot of mufflers use both methods. Different sound absorption materials and amounts (usually determined by length and size of muffler) will determine what frequencies are absorbed the most and how much they're absorbed. A resonator's purpose is to attack any "stray" and unwanted frequencies that the muffler wasn't capable of attenuating.
